Avatars That Endure: Long-Term Digital Embodiment, Identity Care, and Continuity in Second Life
Long-lived virtual worlds offer rare insight into how digital identities persist, adapt, or disappear over time. This paper presents a longitudinal study of avatar embodiment in Second Life, revisiting Kristine Schomaker’s 1000 Avatars (2011) visual archive fourteen years later. By reconstructing the original dataset and conducting an ongoing content analysis of active avatars alongside semi-structured interviews with long-term users, the project examines how digital selves are maintained amid technological change, shifting aesthetic norms, and aging users.
Findings indicate that persistence in virtual embodiment is not passive but requires ongoing “identity care”—the labor of updating, maintaining, and reconciling past and present selves within evolving technical systems. While many users adapt their avatars through gradual visual and technological change, others preserve legacy forms as expressions of authenticity or resistance. The widespread disappearance of avatars from the original dataset highlights how platform design choices, economic barriers, and technical complexity shape whose identities remain visible over time.
Framed through theories of embodied social presence, self-discrepancy, and agency in communication technologies, this study positions avatar persistence as a human-centered concern rather than a purely technical one. It argues that long-term digital identity reveals the consequences of design systems that prioritize innovation and novelty over continuity, accessibility, and care. In the context of education and creative digital environments, the findings raise broader questions about how technologies can be designed to support human presence, meaning, and identity across time rather than short cycles of participation.
Eve Foster, University of Oregon, US